Voz Pasiva.
¿Cómo se forma la voz pasiva en presente y
pasado en inglés?
Presente simple | ||
Sujeto | am / is / are (not) | participio pasado |
Pasado simple | ||
Sujeto | was / were (not) | participio pasado |
The bag was damaged.
A cake was baked yesterday.
The girl was teased by the boy.
The bridge was built thirty years ago.
When was the computer invented?
Were the people harmed in the accident?
I was invited to the party.
Cheese is made from milk.
The rooms are cleaned every day.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la voz activa y pasiva
de los verbos en inglés?
ACTIVA | |
The man eats a lot of apples. sujeto objeto | En esta oración, the man es quien está realizando la acción, eats. |
Esto es la voz activa del verbo. El sujecto es el actor de la acción. | |
Mary mailed the letter yesterday. (sujecto) (objeto) | En esta oración, Mary como el sujeto que realiza la acción, mailed. |
She buys the bag. (sujeto) (objeto) | She como sujeto es el actor de la acción, buys. |
PASIVA | |
The letter was mailed by Mary yesterday. actor receptor | En esta oración, Mary, que es el actor de la acción en la voz activa, se convierte en receptor de la acción en la voz pasiva. |
The apples are eaten by the man. actor receptor | The man que es el actor en la voz activa se convierte en receptor de la acción en la voz pasiva. |
¿Cómo se usa was/were born?
Was/Were + born
Where were you born? I was born in Italy.
She was born in the countryside.
We were born in the orphanage.
Mary was born in the Philippines.
When were you born? I was born on 7th of April.
She was born in summer.
We were born on Christmas day.
Mary was born in 2011.
¿Cómo decimos quien hizo la acción en la voz
pasiva? Se usa by + nombre.
The mouse was chased by the cat.
This cake is baked by my mother.
We were surprised by the news.
Was the apple eaten by the boy?
Were the letters delivered by the mailman?
Ejercicios sobre La voz pasiva en presente y
pasado en inglés.
Cambia las oraciones en voz activa a voz pasiva.
- She cleans the room every day. _________________________.
- We eat the apple pie. ________________________.
- The children study the poem. ___________________.
- He teaches Math. _________________________.
- The carpenter built the house. _____________________.
- The police chased the robber. _______________________.
- She wrote the book. _________________________.
- Mel cooked dinner yesterday. _______________________.
- He wore a black suit. _________________________.
- We studied English last month. ____________________.
- They painted the house. _________________________.
- I sent the report the other day. _________________.
Solución: 1 The room is cleaned every day, 2 The apple pie is eaten by us, 3 The poem is studied by the children, 4 Math is taught by him, 5 The house was built by the carpenter, 6 The robber was chased by the police, 7 The book was written by her, 8 Dinner was cooked by Mel yesterday, 9 A black suit was worn by him, 10 English was studied by us last month, 11 The house was painted by them, 12 The report was sent by me the other day
Identifica si las oraciones están en voz activa o en voz pasiva. Si las oraciones están en voz activa, pásalas a voz pasiva.
- We ate a cake. (active/passive) ____________.
- John painted the car blue.(active/passive) ____________.
- The bag was stolen. (active/passive) ____________.
- We drink wine on special occasions. (active/passive) ____________.
- These tools are used to mix the dry ingredients. (active/passive) ____________.
- The accident injured the children. (active/passive) ____________.
- People in Spain speak Spanish and English. (active/passive) ____________.
- The staff cleaned my room yesterday. (active/passive) ____________.
- My best friend gave me this new bag. (active/passive) ____________.
- The senior students wrote these letters for their professors. (active/passive)
____________.
Solución: 1 active – A cake was eaten by us, 2 active – The car was painted blue by John , 3 passive , 4 active – Wine is drunk by us on special occasions , 5 passive , 6 active – The children were injured by the accident, 7 active – Spanish and English are spoken by people in Spain , 8 active – My room was cleaned by the staff yesterday , 9 active – This new bag was given by my best friend to me, 10 active – These letters were written by the senior students for their professors
Ejercicio Speaking sobre La voz pasiva en presente
y pasado en inglés.
- What is the color of your hair? What hair treatment was done to your hair?
- What kind of breakfast is usually eaten in your country?
- What language is spoken in your home?
- How do your friends call you? What do you like to be called?
- What food is usually eaten during parties in your country?
Formación de la pasiva
En general la pasiva se forma añadiendo el verbo to be + el participio del verbo, vamos a repasar como se forman cada uno de los tiempos verbales en inglés:
Presente Simple (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + am/are/is + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I am beaten | yo soy golpeado |
you are beaten | tú eres golpeado |
he is beaten | él es golpeado |
we are beaten | nosotros somos golpeados |
you are beaten | vosotros sois golpeados |
they are beaten | ellos son golpeados |
Presente Continuo (pasiva)
La forma es:
SUJETO + am/are/is being + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I am being beaten | yo estoy siendo golpeado |
you are being beaten | tú estás siendo golpeado |
he is being beaten | él está siendo golpeado |
we are being beaten | nosotros estamos siendo golpeados |
you are being beaten | vosotros estáis siendo golpeados |
they are being beaten | ellos están siendo golpeados |
Presente Perfecto (pasiva)
La construcción es:
SUJETO + have/has been +PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I have been beaten | yo he sido golpeado |
you have been beaten | tú has sido golpeado |
he has been beaten | él ha sido golpeado |
we have been beaten | nosotros hemos sido golpeados |
you have been beaten | vosotros habéis sido golpeados |
they have been beaten | ellos han sido golpeados |
Futuro Simple (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + will be + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I will be beaten | yo seré golpeado |
you will be beaten | tú serás golpeado |
he will be beaten | él será golpeado |
we will be beaten | nosotros seremos golpeados |
you will be beaten | vosotros seréis golpeados |
they will be beaten | ellos serán golpeados |
Futuro progresivo (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + will be being + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I will be being beaten | yo estaré siendo golpeado |
you will be being beaten | tú estaré siendo golpeado |
he will be being beaten | él estará siendo golpeado |
we will be being beaten | nosotros estaremos siendo golpeados |
you will be being beaten | vosotros estaréis siendo golpeados |
they will be being beaten | ellos estarán siendo golpeados |
Futuro going to (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + am/are/is going to be + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I am going to be beaten | yo voy a ser golpeado |
you are going to be beaten | tú vas a ser golpeado |
he is going to be beaten | él va a ser golpeado |
we are going to be beaten | nosotros vamos a ser golpeados |
you are going to be beaten | vosotros vais a ser golpeados |
they are going to be beaten | ellos van a ser golpeados |
El pasado simple (pasiva)
La estructura es:
SUJETO + was/were + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I was beaten | yo fui golpeado |
you were beaten | tú fuisteis golpeado |
he was beaten | él fue golpeado |
we were beaten | nosotros fuimos golpeados |
you were beaten | vosotros fuisteis golpeados |
they were beaten | ellos fueron golpeados |
El pasado continuo (pasiva)
La forma es:
SUJETO + were/was being + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I was being beaten | yo estuve siendo golpeado |
you were being beaten | tú estuviste siendo golpeado |
he was being beaten | él estuvo siendo golpeado |
we were being beaten | nosotros estuvimos siendo golpeados |
you were being beaten | vosotros estuvisteis siendo golpeados |
they were being beaten | ellos estuvieron siendo golpeados |
El pluscuamperfecto (pasiva)
La regla es:
SUJETO + had been + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I had been beaten | yo había sido golpeado |
you had been beaten | tú habías sido golpeado |
he had been beaten | él había sido golpeado |
we had been beaten | nosotros habíamos sido golpeados |
you had been beaten | vosotros habíais sido golpeados |
they had been beaten | ellos habían sido golpeados |
El pluscuamperfecto continuo (pasiva)
La forma es:
SUJETO + had been being + PARTICIPIO
Pasiva | Significado |
I had been being beaten | yo había estado siendo golpeado |
you had been being beaten | tú habías estado siendo golpeado |
he had been being beaten | él había estado siendo golpeado |
we had been being beaten | nosotros habíamos estado siendo golpeados |
you had been being beaten | vosotros habíais estado siendo golpeados |
they had been being beaten | ellos habían estado siendo golpeados |
La pasiva con los verbos modales
La arquitectura es:
SUJETO + VERBO MODAL + be + PARTICIPIO
can
The file cannot be saved
El fichero no puede ser guardado
You could be eaten by a lion
Tú pudiste ser comido por un león
may
A car may be stolen
Un coche puede ser robado
The accident might be caused by poor visibility
El accidente pudo ser causado por la poca visibilidad
must
Respect must be earned
El respeto debe ser ganado
TUTORIAL VOZ PASIVA
EVALUACIÓN
1. Seleccionar 16 oraciones (que no sean las mismas de las Question Tags) Transformarlas de voz activa a voz pasiva.
REPORTED SPECCH
Direct
and Reported Speech
El estilo directo y indirecto
Cuando
queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras
de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
Cuando
queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el
estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre
comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por palabra.
Ejemplos:
“I
am going to London next week,” she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,”
ella dijo.)
“Do
you have a pen I could borrow,” he asked.(“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas
prestarme?,” él preguntó.)
Alice
said, “I love to dance.”(Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
Chris
asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?”(Chris preguntó,
“¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
El
estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no
necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo
indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A continuación tienes una explicación de
los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales.
A
veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo
que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se
puede usar “if” o “whether”.
Nota:
Ten en cuenta también que las expresiones de tiempo cambian en el estilo
indirecto. Fijate en los cambios de tiempo en los ejemplos más abajo y después,
encontrarás una tabla con más explicaciones de los cambios de tiempo en el
estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech Reported
Speech
Present Simple Past Simple
“He is American,” she said.
She said he was American.
“I am happy to see you,” Mary said. Mary
said that she was happy to see me.
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?” He
asked me if I was busy that night.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
“Dan is living in San Francisco,” she
said.
She said Dan was living in
San Francisco.
He said, “I’m making dinner.” He
told me that he was making dinner.
“Why are you working so hard?” they
asked. They asked me why I was working so hard.
Past Simple
Past Perfect
Simple
“We went to the movies last night,”
he said.
He told me they had gone to the movies the night before.
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work
yesterday.” Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work the day
before.
“Did you buy a new car?” she asked. She
asked me if I had bought a new car.
Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
“I was working late last night,”
Vicki said. Vicki told me she’d been working late the
night before.
They said, “we weren’t waiting long.” They
said that they hadn’t been waiting long.
He asked, “were you sleeping when I
called?” He asked if I’d been sleeping when he called.
Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect
Simple
Heather said, “I’ve already eaten.”
Heather told me that she’d already eaten.
“We haven’t been to China,” they
said. They said they hadn’t been to China.
“Have you worked here before?” I
asked. I asked her whether she’d worked there
before.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
“I’ve been studying English for two years,” he said. He
said he’d been studying English for two years.
Steve said, “we’ve been dating for over a year now.” Steve
told me that they’d been dating for over a year.
“Have you been waiting long?” they asked. They asked whether
I’d been waiting long.
Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple (NO CHANGE)
“I’d been to Chicago before for work,” he said. He said that he’d been to
Chicago before for work.
Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (NO CHANGE)
She said, “I’d been dancing for years before the accident.” She
said she’d been dancing for years before the accident.
Nota:
Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo
en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.
Ejemplos:
“I’m
30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
Dave
said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
“We
are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo
next week.
“I’ll
cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos
modales)
El
tiempo verbal cambia en el estilo indirecto también con algunos de los verbos
modales.
Nota: Con “would”, “could”, “should”,
“might” y “ought to”, el tiempo no cambia.
Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
Will
Would
“I’ll go to the movies tomorrow,” John said. John said he would go
to the movies the next day.
“Will you help me move?” she asked. She asked me if I would help her move.
Can
Could
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.” Debra said Allen could work the next day.
“Can you open the window, please?”, he asked. He asked me if I could open
the window.
Must
Had to
“You must wear your seat belt,” mom said. My mom said I had to
wear my seat belt.
She said, “You must work tomorrow.” She said I had to work the next day.
Shall
Should
“Shall we go to the beach today?” Tom asked. Tom asked if we should go
to the beach that day.
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. She asked me what we should do that night.
May
Might/Could
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.” Jane said she might
not be in class the next day.
“May I use the bathroom, please?”, the boy asked. The boy asked if he
could use the bathroom.
Nota:
A continuación tienes una tabla donde puedes observar los cambios que sufren
las expresiones de tiempo cuando usamos el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
today
that day
tonight
that night
this week/month/year that
week/month/year
tomorrow
the next day
next week/month/year the following week/month/year
yesterday
the day before or the previous day
last
week/month/year the week/month year before or
the previous week/month/year
now then at that moment
Otros
cambios
here there
TUTORIAL DE REPORTED SPEECH
