domingo, 14 de febrero de 2021

CONTENIDO 5TO AÑO

 Voz Pasiva.


¿Cómo se forma la voz pasiva en presente  y

 pasado en inglés? 

 

Presente simple

Sujeto

am / is / are (not)

participio pasado

Pasado simple

Sujeto

was / were (not)

participio pasado

 

The bag was damaged.

A cake was baked yesterday.

The girl was teased by the boy.

The bridge was built thirty years ago.

When was the computer invented?

Were the people harmed in the accident?

I was invited to the party.

Cheese is made from milk.

The rooms are cleaned every day.


¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la voz activa y pasiva


 de los verbos en inglés?

 

ACTIVA

The man eats a lot of apples.

sujeto                 objeto

En esta oración, the man es quien está realizando la acción, eats.

Esto es la voz activa del verbo. El sujecto es el actor de la acción.

Mary mailed the letter yesterday.

(sujecto)       (objeto)

En esta oración, Mary como el sujeto que realiza la acción, mailed.

She buys the bag.

(sujeto) (objeto)

She como sujeto es el actor de la acción, buys.

PASIVA

The letter was mailed by Mary yesterday.

actor                         receptor

En esta oración, Mary, que es el actor de la acción en la voz activa, se convierte en receptor de la acción en la voz pasiva.

The apples are eaten by the man.

actor                         receptor

The man que es el actor en la voz activa se convierte en receptor de la acción en la voz pasiva.







¿Cómo se usa was/were born?

 

Was/Were + born


Más información en Formas Pasivas en inglés

 

Where were you born?                I was born in Italy.

She was born in the countryside.

We were born in the orphanage.

Mary was born in the Philippines.

When were you born?                  I was born on 7th of April.

She was born in summer.

We were born on Christmas day.

Mary was born in 2011.

 

¿Cómo decimos quien hizo la acción en la voz


 pasiva? Se usa by + nombre.

 

The mouse was chased by the cat.

This cake is baked by my mother.

We were surprised by the news.

Was the apple eaten by the boy?

Were the letters delivered by the mailman?

 

Ejercicios sobre La voz pasiva en presente y


 pasado en inglés.


 

Cambia las oraciones en voz activa a voz pasiva.

 

  1. She cleans the room every day. ­_________________________.
  2.  
  1. We eat the apple pie. ________________________.
  2.  
  1. The children study the poem. ___________________.
  2.  
  1. He teaches Math. _________________________.
  2.  
  1. The carpenter built the house. _____________________.
  2.  
  1. The police chased the robber. _______________________.
  2.  
  1. She wrote the book. _________________________.
  2.  
  1. Mel cooked dinner yesterday. _______________________.
  2.  
  1. He wore a black suit. _________________________.
  1. We studied English last month. ____________________.
  2.  
  1. They painted the house. _________________________.
  2.  
  1. I sent the report the other day. _________________.

 

Solución: 1 The room is cleaned every day, 2 The apple pie is eaten by us, 3 The poem is studied by the children, 4 Math is taught by him, 5 The house was built by the carpenter, 6 The robber was chased by the police, 7 The book was written by her, 8 Dinner was cooked by Mel yesterday, 9 A black suit was worn by him, 10 English was studied by us last month, 11 The house was painted by them, 12 The report was sent by me the other day

 

 

Identifica si las oraciones están en voz activa o en voz pasiva. Si las oraciones están en voz activa, pásalas a voz pasiva.



  1. We ate a cake.  (active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. John painted the car blue.(active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. The bag was stolen. (active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. We drink wine on special occasions. (active/passive) ____________.

 

  1. These tools are used to mix the dry ingredients. (active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. The accident injured the children. (active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. People in Spain speak Spanish and English. (active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. The staff cleaned my room yesterday. (active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. My best friend gave me this new bag. (active/passive) ____________.
  2.  
  1. The senior students wrote these letters for their professors. (active/passive)

____________.

 

Solución: 1 active – A cake was eaten by us, 2 active – The car was painted blue by John , 3 passive , 4 active – Wine is drunk by us on special occasions , 5 passive , 6 active – The children were injured by the accident, 7 active – Spanish and English are spoken by people in Spain , 8 active – My room was cleaned by the staff yesterday , 9 active – This new bag was given by my best friend to me, 10 active – These letters were written by the senior students for their professors



Ejercicio Speaking sobre La voz pasiva en presente


 y pasado en inglés.


 

  1. What is the color of your hair? What hair treatment was done to your hair?

 

  1. What kind of breakfast is usually eaten in your country?

 

  1. What language is spoken in your home?

 

  1. How do your friends call you? What do you like to be called?

 

  1. What food is usually eaten during parties in your country?

 Más sobre la Voz pasiva!



Formación de la pasiva

En general la pasiva se forma añadiendo el verbo to be + el participio del verbo, vamos a repasar como se forman cada uno de los tiempos verbales en inglés:


Presente Simple (pasiva)

La estructura es:


SUJETO am/are/is + PARTICIPIO



Pasiva

Significado

I am beaten

yo soy golpeado

you are beaten

tú eres golpeado

he is beaten

él es golpeado

we are beaten

nosotros somos golpeados

you are beaten

vosotros sois golpeados

they are beaten

ellos son golpeados



Presente Continuo (pasiva)


La forma es:



SUJETO am/are/is being + PARTICIPIO



Pasiva

Significado

I am being beaten

yo estoy siendo golpeado

you are being beaten

tú estás siendo golpeado

he is being beaten

él está siendo golpeado

we are being beaten

nosotros estamos siendo golpeados

you are being beaten

vosotros estáis siendo golpeados

they are being beaten

ellos están siendo golpeados



Presente Perfecto (pasiva)


La construcción es:


SUJETO have/has been +PARTICIPIO


Pasiva

Significado

I have been beaten

yo he sido golpeado

you have been beaten

tú has sido golpeado

he has been beaten

él ha sido golpeado

we have been beaten

nosotros hemos sido golpeados

you have been beaten

vosotros habéis sido golpeados

they have been beaten

ellos han sido golpeados



Futuro Simple (pasiva)


La estructura es:


SUJETO + will be + PARTICIPIO


Pasiva

Significado

I will be beaten

yo seré golpeado

you will be beaten

tú serás golpeado

he will be beaten

él será golpeado

we will be beaten

nosotros seremos golpeados

you will be beaten

vosotros seréis golpeados

they will be beaten

ellos serán golpeados



Futuro progresivo (pasiva)


La estructura es:


SUJETO + will be being + PARTICIPIO


Pasiva

Significado

I will be being beaten

yo estaré siendo golpeado

you will be being beaten

tú estaré siendo golpeado

he will be being beaten

él estará siendo golpeado

we will be being beaten

nosotros estaremos siendo golpeados

you will be being beaten

vosotros estaréis siendo golpeados

they will be being beaten

ellos estarán siendo golpeados



Futuro going to (pasiva)


La estructura es:


SUJETO am/are/is going to be + PARTICIPIO



Pasiva

Significado

I am going to be beaten

yo voy a ser golpeado

you are going to be beaten

tú vas a ser golpeado

he is going to be beaten

él va a ser golpeado

we are going to be beaten

nosotros vamos a ser golpeados

you are going to be beaten

vosotros vais a ser golpeados

they are going to be beaten

ellos van a ser golpeados



El pasado simple (pasiva)


La estructura es:



SUJETO + was/were + PARTICIPIO



Pasiva

Significado

I was beaten

yo fui golpeado

you were beaten

tú fuisteis golpeado

he was beaten

él fue golpeado

we were beaten

nosotros fuimos golpeados

you were beaten

vosotros fuisteis golpeados

they were beaten

ellos fueron golpeados



El pasado continuo (pasiva)


La forma es:


SUJETO + were/was being + PARTICIPIO


Pasiva

Significado

I was being beaten

yo estuve siendo golpeado

you were being beaten

tú estuviste siendo golpeado

he was being beaten

él estuvo siendo golpeado

we were being beaten

nosotros estuvimos siendo golpeados

you were being beaten

vosotros estuvisteis siendo golpeados

they were being beaten

ellos estuvieron siendo golpeados



El pluscuamperfecto (pasiva)


La regla es:


SUJETO + had been + PARTICIPIO


Pasiva

Significado

I had been beaten

yo había sido golpeado

you had been beaten

tú habías sido golpeado

he had been beaten

él había sido golpeado

we had been beaten

nosotros habíamos sido golpeados

you had been beaten

vosotros habíais sido golpeados

they had been beaten

ellos habían sido golpeados



El pluscuamperfecto continuo (pasiva)


La forma es:


SUJETO + had been being + PARTICIPIO


Pasiva

Significado

I had been being beaten

yo había estado siendo golpeado

you had been being beaten

tú habías estado siendo golpeado

he had been being beaten

él había estado siendo golpeado

we had been being beaten

nosotros habíamos estado siendo golpeados

you had been being beaten

vosotros habíais estado siendo golpeados

they had been being beaten

ellos habían estado siendo golpeados



La pasiva con los verbos modales


La arquitectura es:


SUJETO + VERBO MODAL + be + PARTICIPIO



can

The file cannot be saved
El fichero no puede ser guardado

You could be eaten by a lion
Tú pudiste ser comido por un león

may

A car may be stolen
Un coche puede ser robado

The accident might be caused by poor visibility
El accidente pudo ser causado por la poca visibilidad

must

Respect must be earned
El respeto debe ser ganado


TUTORIAL VOZ PASIVA






ENLACE A LA LECTURA




EVALUACIÓN

1. Seleccionar 16 oraciones (que no sean las mismas de las Question Tags) Transformarlas de voz activa a voz pasiva.


REPORTED SPECCH


Direct and Reported Speech

 

El estilo directo y indirecto

Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto.

 

Direct Speech (El estilo directo)

Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por palabra.

 

Ejemplos:

 

         “I am going to London next week,” she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)

 

         “Do you have a pen I could borrow,” he asked.(“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?,” él preguntó.)

 

         Alice said, “I love to dance.”(Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)

 

         Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?”(Chris preguntó, “¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)

 

Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)

 

El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A continuación tienes una explicación de los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales.

 

A veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”.

 

 

 

Nota: Ten en cuenta también que las expresiones de tiempo cambian en el estilo indirecto. Fijate en los cambios de tiempo en los ejemplos más abajo y después, encontrarás una tabla con más explicaciones de los cambios de tiempo en el estilo indirecto.

 

Direct Speech                                            Reported Speech

 

Present Simple                                               Past Simple

“He is American,” she said.                  She said he was American.

“I am happy to see you,” Mary said.      Mary said that she was happy to see me.

He asked, “Are you busy tonight?”        He asked me if I was busy that night.

 

Present Continuous                                     Past Continuous

“Dan is living in San Francisco,” she said.      She said Dan was       living in San Francisco.

He said, “I’m making dinner.”       He told me that he was making dinner.

“Why are you working so hard?” they asked.          They asked me why I was working so hard.

 

Past Simple                                                     Past Perfect Simple

 

“We went to the movies last night,” he said.   He told me they had gone to the movies the night before.

 

Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.”     Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work the day before.

 

“Did you buy a new car?” she asked.     She asked me if I had bought a new car.

 

Past Continuous                                     Past Perfect Continuous

“I was working late last night,” Vicki said.     Vicki told me she’d been working late the night before.

 

They said, “we weren’t waiting long.”   They said that they hadn’t been waiting long.

 

He asked, “were you sleeping when I called?”        He asked if I’d been sleeping when he called.

Present Perfect Simple                                  Past Perfect Simple

Heather said, “I’ve already eaten.”         Heather told me that she’d already eaten.

 

“We haven’t been to China,” they said.           They said they hadn’t been to China.

 

“Have you worked here before?” I asked.       I asked her whether she’d worked there before.

 

Present Perfect Continuous                 Past Perfect Continuous

  “I’ve been studying English for two years,” he said.      He said he’d been studying English for two years.

 

  Steve said, “we’ve been dating for over a year now.”    Steve told me that they’d been dating for over a year.

 

  “Have you been waiting long?” they asked.           They asked whether I’d been waiting long.

 

Past Perfect Simple        Past Perfect Simple (NO CHANGE)

 

  “I’d been to Chicago before for work,” he said.    He said that he’d been to Chicago before for work.

 

Past Perfect Continuous           Past Perfect Continuous (NO CHANGE)

  She said, “I’d been dancing for years before the accident.”    She said she’d been dancing for years before the accident.

 

Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.

 

Ejemplos:

 

         “I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.

 

         Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.

 

         “We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.

 

         “I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.

 

Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)

 

El tiempo verbal cambia en el estilo indirecto también con algunos de los verbos modales.

 

Nota: Con “would”, “could”, “should”, “might” y “ought to”, el tiempo no cambia.

 

Direct Speech                                                  Indirect Speech

       Will                                                                  Would

 

  “I’ll go to the movies tomorrow,” John said.         John said he would go to the movies the next day.

 

  “Will you help me move?” she asked.           She asked me if I would help her move.

 

    Can                                                                         Could

  Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.”      Debra said Allen could work the next day.

 

  “Can you open the window, please?”, he asked.    He asked me if I could open the window.

 

    Must                                                                    Had to

 

  “You must wear your seat belt,” mom said.           My mom said I had to wear my seat belt.

 

  She said, “You must work tomorrow.”          She said I had to work the next day.

 

   Shall                                                                      Should

  “Shall we go to the beach today?” Tom asked.      Tom asked if we should go to the beach that day.

  “What shall we do tonight?” she asked.        She asked me what we should do that night.

 

   May                                                                   Might/Could

 

  Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.”         Jane said she might not be in class the next day.

 

  “May I use the bathroom, please?”, the boy asked.         The boy asked if he could use the bathroom.

 

Nota: A continuación tienes una tabla donde puedes observar los cambios que sufren las expresiones de tiempo cuando usamos el estilo indirecto.

 

Direct Speech                                                    Indirect Speech

     today                                                                   that day

     tonight                                                              that night

this week/month/year                                  that week/month/year

   tomorrow                                                          the next day

next week/month/year                   the following week/month/year

yesterday                                    the day before or the previous day

last week/month/year                the week/month year before or the    previous week/month/year

      now     then                                         at that moment

Otros cambios

                     here                                                             there


TUTORIAL DE REPORTED SPEECH



Evaluación

De la misma lectura del enlace, seleccionar 16 oraciones y convertirlas en Reported Speech.


Nota: Entregar en Físico al Prof. Barrios en la Institución.


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